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Clairvaux Abbey: Prison to Pilgrimage
The monk who invented champagne. The prison that held Carlos the Jackal. It only closed in 2023. Saint Bernard founded this abbey in 1115 and brought Pinot Noir from Burgundy to Champagne. At its peak, 700 monks lived here. Napoleon converted it to prison - 3,000 inmates in cells called 'chicken coops' (1.5 x 2 meters). Two 1971 revolt prisoners were GUILLOTINED. Victor Hugo wrote 'Claude Gueux' inspired by a real prisoner here. Now open to public - this is the spiritual origin of Champagne.
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